What is Fire risk and fire protection requirements for lighting fixtures?
According to the fire statistics in recent years, electrical fires topped the list of causes of fires. Electrical lighting is the leading way of modern lighting. Still, it is accompanied by a lot of heat and high temperature, and improper installation or use is very likely to cause a fire. Today to share the lighting fixtures fire-related content.
The selection of electrical lighting fixtures
Fire-hazardous places should select closed-type lamps and lanterns.
Explosive hazardous environments should use explosion-proof, explosion-proof lamps and lanterns.
Corrosive gases and particularly humid places should use closed-type lamps and lanterns; various parts of the lights and lanterns should also be anti-corrosion treatment.
Humid plant and outdoor closed-type lamps and lanterns can be used, but also open-type lights and lanterns with a waterproof lamp base.
The lamps may be directly damaged by external mechanical, and mobile or portable lamps and lanterns should use the network (cover) to protect the lights and lanterns.
Vibration places (such as forging hammers, air compressors, overhead cranes, etc.), lamps, and lanterns should have anti-vibration measures (such as hanging chains and other soft connections).
For electrical lighting switches, junction boxes, switchboards, etc., in places with fire and explosion hazards, the level of protection should be at least the requirements of the above table.
Use moisture-proof lamps and lanterns in the humid human-defense project; Use closed-type lights and lanterns in the diesel generator room, oil storage room, battery room, and other rooms. Do NOT set tungsten halogen lamps and high-temperature lighting in the flammable goods warehouse.
Second, the lighting fixtures set requirements.
If you have difficulty in choosing stereotyped lighting in a place that has the continuous or long-term presence of gas mixtures and constant or long-term presence of explosive dust mixtures, you can put the open type lighting as embedded wall niche lights; access of doors should face the wall to ensure good ventilation; To the outdoor side of the irradiation should be double glass tightly closed, of which at least one layer must be high-strength glass. The installation location should not be above the door, window, and air vent. The horizontal distance from the door frame and window frame should not be less than 3m, and the horizontal distance from the air vent should not be less than 5m.
When lighting and power share a power supply, there should be a branch circuit, and all lighting lines should have short-circuit protection devices. The wiring after the power distribution plate should minimize the joints; the joints should be soldered with tin brazing and wrapped with insulating cloth, and the metal plate surface should also be well grounded.
Lighting voltage is generally 220V; portable lighting supply voltage should not exceed 36V; such as
in metal containers and particularly humid places of operation, the voltage of walking lights shall not exceed 12V. 36V lighting power supply transformers below the use of autotransformers are strictly prohibited.
36V below and 220V above the power socket should be distinguished, do not insert the low-voltage plug into the higher-voltage socket.
The current of each lighting single-phase branch circuit is 16A max; The number of connected light sources should not exceed 25; when connecting architectural combination lamps, the circuit current is 25A max; And the number of light sources should not exceed 60; The draft of the single-phase branch circuit connecting high-intensity discharge lamps should not exceed 30A.
Do not connect the sockets and lighting to the same branch circuit.
Various parts must be in line with the voltage, and current level, not over voltage, over everyday use.
When we install the ceiling light fixture with a wooden base, it should be paved with slate or asbestos cloth in the middle of the institution and the floor. All kinds of fluorescent ceiling lights with ballast should be installed directly on combustible ceilings with porcelain plywood insulation between the lamps and flammable materials.
Combustible ceiling on all concealed, brightly installed lamps and lanterns, stage concealed lights, and dance floor footlights of the power supply wire should wear steel pipe laying.
The power for stage-concealed color light bulbs and dance floor footlights is below 40W. The maximum capacity should be at most 60W.
We should weld the color lights between the wires. All cables should not be in direct contact with combustible materials.
Various parts must be in line with the voltage and current level and shall not over voltage over everyday use.
III. Other
switches, sockets, and lighting fixtures near combustible materials should take heat insulation, heat dissipation, and other fire prevention measures.
Tungsten halogen lamps and rated power of not less than 100W incandescent bulbs, ceiling lamps, spot lamps, and recessed lights, the line’s introduction should be protected by non-combustible materials such as porcelain tubes and mineral wool for thermal insulation.
Rated power of not less than 60W incandescent lamps, tungsten halogen lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamps, fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamps (including inductive ballasts), etc., should not be installed directly on combustible objects or take other fire prevention measures.
Use low-temperature lighting in combustible materials warehouse and take heat insulation and other fire prevention measures for the heating components of the lamps; it should not use tungsten halogen lamps and other high-temperature lighting fixtures.
Set evacuation lighting at the top of the exit, the upper part of the wall, or the ceiling, and place backup lighting at the upper part of the roof.
Lighting fixtures outside the explosive hazard area in the refueling station can be of a non-explosion-proof type. Lighting fixtures under the canopy in non-explosive hazard areas should select a protection level of not less than IP44 level lighting.
Use class A decoration material in exhibition booths, tungsten halogen lamps, and other high-temperature lighting fixtures adjacent to the material.
For Lighting fixtures and electrical equipment, when lines of high-temperature parts are close to non-A-level decoration materials or components, we should take thermal insulation, heat dissipation, and other fire protection measures. And the distance between high-temperature parts with curtains, draperies, curtains, soft bags, and other decoration materials should be at least 500mm; lighting should use at least B1-level materials.