Abstract: The stadium lighting design focuses on the stadium lighting, that is, the competition lighting. The venue lighting in the museum is a functional, technical, and complicated design. It should meet the requirements of various sports events, which are conducive to the athletes’ technical level, the correct judgment of the referee, and the viewing effect of all sides in the auditorium. When we do stadium design, we should pay special attention to the color TV live broadcast to ensure that the rebroadcast image picture is vivid and transparent; we also need to reach accurate color and vertical illumination, illumination uniformity, three-dimensional sense, light source color temperature and color rendering, and other indicators which have specific requirements. Therefore, whether the lighting design of the stadium can meet the needs of illumination standards and lighting quality is the main sign of evaluating a stadium.
1. Lighting standards
2. Lighting selection
3. Arrange the lamps and lanterns
4. Lighting control
5. Distribution principles
Modern sports are developing with the development of human society. The construction of venues is essential to sports. The lighting design of sports venues needs to consider ample lighting space, far distance, and high illuminance technical requirements, so field lighting generally uses high-efficiency and long-life professional light distribution lamps.
Part I am lighting standard.
Table 1-1 Lighting standards of competition venues (organized according to GE and CIE documents)
Table 1-2 Lighting standards of the Press Conference Hall
1-3 Table 1-3 Meeting Room lighting standards
Table 1-4 Lighting standards in players’ locker rooms
1-5 Table 1-5 Corridor lighting standards
Table 1-6 Audience lighting standards
Table 1-7 Lighting standards for treatment rooms
1-8 Table Emergency lighting
standards
The second part is the selection of lighting equipment and facilities.
1. Selection of light source:
1, The light source should be high-hanging fluorescent lamps, efficient LED projection lamps, and metal halide lamps to install lamps and lanterns in sports venues with high heights.
2, the ceiling is low, small areas of the indoor stadium, it is appropriate to use high-hanging fluorescent lamps and low-power LED lamps.
3. Special lamps can be used as light sources, such as explosion-proof lamps in unique places.
4. The power of the light source should be adapted to the competition venue’s size, installation position, and height. Outdoor stadiums should use high-power and medium-power LED lamps and metal halide lamps and ensure that the light source works uninterrupted or starts quickly.
5, the light source should have the appropriate color temperature, good color rendering, high light efficiency, long life, and stable ignition and photoelectric characteristics.
6. Glare is directly related to luminescence mode, installation height, Angle, and luminaire power of lamps. Places with high glare requirements recommend using high-hanging fluorescent lights or adjusting the height Angle to reduce the glare of lamps.
Luminous mode: point light source (LED, gold halide lamp), features, single point light efficiency is high, dazzlingly bright, difficult to control; Surface light source (high hanging fluorescent lamp, high hanging LED lamp), uniform illumination, low glare.
7. we need to determine the light source’s relevant color temperature and application according to the following table. The related color temperature of the light source and its application
Relevant color temperature (K) color: <3300 warm color small training venue, non-competition venue 3300~5300 intermediate color training venue, competition venue >5300 excellent color
Two, the choice of lamps and lanterns
1. The safety performance of lamps and accessories shall fully comply with the provisions of relevant standards.
2. The anti-shock grade of lamps and lanterns should meet the following requirements:
Electrical or Class II luminaires should use metal casing and grounding.
Swimming pools and similar places should use Class III anti-shock lighting.
3. Luminaire efficiency should not be lower than the following table: Luminaire efficiency (%)
High Strength gas discharge Lamp 65; grid fluorescent lamps 75; Transparent Protective cover fluorescent lamps 65
4, lamps should have a variety of light distribution forms; we can classify the sports venues’ light lamps according to the following table: classification of light lamps
Beam classification: Beam Angle range (degree) Narrow beam 10~45; medium beam 46~100; Wide beam 100~160
Note: Classified by the Angle of 1/10 of the maximum light intensity of the beam distribution range.
(1) Light distribution of lamps should be adapted to the installation height, position, and lighting requirements. Use the narrow-beam and medium-beam lamps in outdoor stadiums and medium-beam and use wide-beam lights in indoor stadiums.
(2) Lamps and lanterns should have anti-glare measures.
(3) Lamps and accessories should be able to meet the requirements of the use of the environment; lamps should be high strength and corrosion resistance; and lamps and electrical accessories must meet the needs of heat resistance grade.
(4) Metal halide lamps should not use available lights. The protection level of the lamp shell shall not be less than IP55, and the protection level of a place that is not easy to maintain or is seriously polluted shall not be less than IP65.
(5) The account opening method of lamps should ensure that the aiming Angle does not change during maintenance.
(6) The lamps and lanterns installed at the high altitude should be light in weight, small in volume, and minor in wind load coefficient.
(7) The lamp should come with an Angle indicating device. A lamp-locking device should withstand the maximum wind load under the conditions of use.
(8) Lamps and accessories should have anti-fall measures.
3. Common lamps and lanterns
High suspension fluorescent lamp performance characteristics: unique reflector design, efficiency up to 90-95%; More tube configuration number choice, easy to flexibly distribute lights and light distribution design, to achieve the maximum energy saving; With professional high-hanging long-life fluorescent tubes, achieve higher lumen maintenance rate and longer life; High efficiency and energy saving, compared with traditional HID lamps, energy saving can reach 50-60%.
The lamp is superior to other lights in comfort, illumination, and glare, which can bring customers a professional and comfortable lighting environment. At the same time, this lamp is also suitable for indoor tennis court lighting, indoor basketball court lighting, badminton court lighting, indoor comprehensive stadium lighting, and other indoor sports venues.
Performance characteristics of professional pitch light: light, equipped with easy handling handle, at the same time equipped with 360º adjustment of the mounting bracket; Also equipped with accurate sight accessories, mounted on the top or bottom of the lamp body; Ambient temperature: can adapt to indoor and outdoor conventional weather use; Through gradual improvement, luminescence efficiency and effective utilization rate of light are greatly improved. A unique elliptical optical system with a new light source ensures overall efficiency with high reliability, low glare, the best lighting level, compact and beautiful appearance, low wind resistance coefficient, and lightweight. Lamps have a unique design of light distribution curves, Beam precision, a variety of fair distribution, instant start, etc.
Performance characteristics: patent “fin type” heat dissipation structure design LED heat dissipation area is more extensive, better thermal conductivity, not only effectively reduce the LED node temperature rise, but also lower light decline longer life, at the same time, the product is lighter, safe use performance is exceptionally high, is suitable for sports lighting on the market for the use of high-tech LED lighting products.
Four, the selection of lamp accessories
1. The selected lighting fixtures should conform to the relevant provisions of the current national standards.
2. According to the environmental requirements of the lighting place, we should select the following lamps respectively.
3. In places with corrosive gas or steam, anti-corrosion closed lamps should be used.
4, swing more significant places of lamps and lanterns should be shockproof, anti-fall measures in the vibration.
5, To prevent ultraviolet irradiation, use ultraviolet lamps or no wood light source.
6. Lamps and lanterns directly installed on the surface of combustible materials shall be marked with “F.”
Five, the selection of ballast and other core components
1, high suspension fluorescent lamps with electronic ballast light sources should use a particular long-life light source to ensure light efficiency and life.
2. We should use energy-saving inductive ballast for high-voltage sodium and metal halide lamps. Use constant and electronic ballast for minor power in places with large voltage deviations.
3. The power driver of LED lamps should choose products with stable quality and good heat dissipation to ensure the lamps’ light failure and service life.
Vi. Lamp poles and setting requirements When four-tower, multiple towers, or tower belt mixed lighting is used on the spot, lighting poles should be selected as the carrier of lamps and lanterns. Under the condition that the lighting pole meets the requirements of the technical lighting conditions, the relationship between the lighting pole and the building is mainly in the following ways:
1. The light pole is independent of the main building. This light pole exists separately as a separate device is widely used.
2. The light pole is attached to the main building but is not integrated with the main building. This form of foundation may differ from the building foundation, so it must be dealt with separately.
3. When the light pole is attached to the main building and integrated with the main building, this form can deal with the aesthetic problem well. If this scheme is feasible, we can give this scheme priority.
4, Should set the light pole according to aviation management barrier lighting.
7. Bridle track and setting requirements
1. The number, height, direction, and position of the bridleway should meet the requirements of the lighting device.
2, the bridleway should leave enough functional space.
3. The installation position of the bridle track should avoid blocking the lighting light by architectural decoration materials, installation parts, pipelines, and structural parts.
The third part of the lighting arrangement
Different sports will be played in various sizes, separate switches of the playing field, and use the playing field differently. Athletes also vary in their range of motion and the content of vision they can cover during exercise. The lighting fixtures of sports venues should serve these sports and meet their needs. Therefore, based on careful consideration of the characteristics of sports items, sports site characteristics, reasonable arrangement of lamps and lanterns, to obtain a good lighting level, to avoid adverse effects on athletes and television broadcast.
First, luminaire layout and glare and interference light.
1. Standard provisions. The installation position, height, and projection Angle of the luminaire should meet the requirements of reducing glare and interfering light.
2. About glare. The installation position, height, and projection Angle of the luminaire should meet the requirements of reducing glare and interfering light. In different sports, with varying levels of competition, there are different standards of glare upper limits; the following glare values are suitable for most cases.
Outdoor Stadium: GR≦50 GR≦40 (Fixed camera direction)
Indoor Stadium: GR≦30
3, about interference light. Interference light is a type of glare that causes annoyance, discomfort, distraction, or decreased visual ability in a given situation due to light intensity, direction, or spectrum.
The Chinese and CIE standards put forward corresponding requirements for limiting interference light pollution. There are four zones from E1 to E4. For details, see Table 3-1.
3-1 Table the division of environmental areas
Examples of regional environmental features E1 natural dark environments such as national parks E3 medium brightness environments such as suburban industrial or residential areas E2 low brightness environments such as rural industrial or residential areas E4 high brightness environments such as urban centers and commercial areas
Don’t be subjected to the civil buildings around the stadium to more interference light. The vertical illumination generated on the exterior surfaces of Windows in facilities such as residences, apartments, hotels, and hospital wards should not be higher than the values specified in Table 3-2.
3-2 Table Vertical illuminance values of exterior surfaces of residential buildings Windows
Lighting Technical
E1 Area E2 area E3 area E4 Vertical illuminance (EV) 251025 Before lights off 0125 after lights off
The luminous intensity of stadium lighting fixtures toward the room should be less than or equal to the specified value in Table 3-3.
3-3 Table Maximum luminous intensity of outdoor lamps toward the bedroom
According to “Lighting technology parameter application conditions,” E1 area E2 area environment area E3 area E4 area lamps and lanterns of luminous intensity (I) before lights-out portion 2500 cd7500cd10000cd25000cd 0 cd500cd1000cd2500cd after lights out period
two Lighting arrangement
The lighting design of indoor sports venues should be characterized by high lighting space, generally for 13-20m. There are also a few small gymnasiums with low heights, for 6-12m. The selection of lighting fixtures requires high efficiency and good light distribution characteristics.
Table 3-4 describes the configuration schemes and options for illuminators.
Lighting arrangement can usually be adopted in the following three ways:
1. Lamps and lanterns are evenly arranged over the site. This arrangement is more economical and suitable for low-space sports projects. Usually, vertical illumination is relatively low, and the stereo sense is poor. The shadow is stiff.
2. Light fixtures are arranged above the site and on the side. This arrangement is generally suitable for multifunctional gymnasiums where can obtain an appropriate ratio of horizontal and vertical illuminance
3. Lamps and lanterns are mainly distributed in outer space, primarily side lights. This arrangement is suitable for sports with high margins, but the site’s uniform illumination and glare control should be considered.
3-4 Table of lamp configuration and location selection
Course design specification
Court lights Court lighting Court lights with what lights court lights
The note √ indicates appropriate ○ Indicates a conditional can use × indicates inappropriate.
In addition, reduce the glare as far as possible from the lamp’s position, installation height, projection Angle, irradiation direction, lighting distribution, and other aspects. The glare index should meet the relevant requirements. At the same time, to prevent the strobe effect caused by the AC power supply, the lamp should use three phases of constant power supply, and the number of lights in each step should be equal. Each lighting phase is arranged adjacent to the other so that the three-phase lighting overlaps on the ground to improve the visual continuity and effectively suppress the staphylococci effect. See Table 3-5 for the selection of gymnasium projection lamps.
3-5 Table for the selection of gymnasium projection lamps
The lighting distribution of the competition venue
Narrow beam wide beam Major competition √√√ General competition activities ×√√ recreational activities ×○√
The fourth part is the lighting control.
The lighting control system of the stadium provides different lighting effects according to different competition levels and types, set multi-grade control modes, changes the lighting mode and illuminance, and finally achieves its purpose of use.
1. Lighting control mode
1, individual control: control relay unit ON/OFF;
2, group control: the relay group, each group of relays can be switched together; Group number: 127 possibilities; A group can be configured with a maximum of 256 relays. A relay can be set repeatedly in multiple groups;
3. Mode control (scenario): Group the relays, determine the status and number of each relay, set the mode number, and carry out ON/OFF of the relay according to the content in the mode number; Mode number: up to 72 possibilities;
4. After priority: individual control, group control, mode control, individual control, group control, mode control, and sensor control can be freely carried out on the same relay. The last operation is the final state;
5, lighting operation switch: the wall switch, due to the multiple transmission modes corresponding, must use all two-wire special switches; Operation available all kinds of sensors {brightness, human body, etc.), timer, and linkage; There are red and green LED lights ON the switch, can indicate individual control, group control relay ON/OFF state. Mode control represents the action to the specified state;
6, power failure countermeasures: can erase ROM, even if the power fails, the set mode will not disappear when the power failure, the relay to maintain the original state, and the lamp after the call is consistent with the state before the power failure;
7, mode setting, change: individual control, group control, mode control number setting, relay setting, etc., can be completed through the movable mode setting device. You can set the mode and change it many times.
Part V Distribution principles
Field lighting